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????? ????????, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????,[1] (?????????: Ernest Rutherford; 30 ???? 1871 - 19 ?????? 1937) ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???[2] ????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? (1791-1867) ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???[2]
??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ???-???? ?? ?????, ?????????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???, ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???[3][4] 1911 ????, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???[5] ?? ?? ?????? '?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? 1912 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????-??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? 1917 ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? '?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? '?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???[6][7] ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??-?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? "????????? ??????" ????, ?? ???? ???? (????? ????? ??? '??) ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???
??????? 1919 ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????, 1932 ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???, ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1937 ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? (104Rf) ?? ??? 1997 ???? ?????? ?? ??? '?? ????? ??? ???
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[????]- ↑ doi:10.1098/rsbm.1938.0025
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by hand - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford of Nelson". Encyclop?dia Britannica.
- ↑ Campbell, John. "Rutherford – A Brief Biography". Rutherford.org.nz. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ↑ Rutherford, E.; Royds, T. (1908). "Spectrum of the radium emanation". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 16 (92): 313. doi:10.1080/14786440808636511. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
- ↑ Longair, M. S. (2003). Theoretical concepts in physics: an alternative view of theoretical reasoning in physics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 377–378. ISBN 978-0-521-52878-8. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ↑ Rutherford, E. (1919). "Collision of α particles with light atoms. IV. An anomalous effect in nitrogen". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Series 6. 37 (222): 581–587. doi:10.1080/14786440608635919. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ↑ Rutherford, E. (1920). "Bakerian Lecture. Nuclear Constitution of Atoms". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 97 (686): 374–400. Bibcode:1920RSPSA..97..374R. doi:10.1098/rspa.1920.0040.