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 ???? ?????????? ?????, ?????? 1920 | |
| ??? | ???? ??????? ?????????? 7 ????? 1867 ?????, ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? |
| ??? | 4 ????? 1934 (??? 66) |
| ???????? | ?????? (??? ?????) ?????? (???? ?????) |
| ???? ???? | ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? |
| ?? ??????? | ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? |
| ???? ???? | ????? ????? (1859–1906) |
| ???? | Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956) ?? ????? (1904–2007) |
| ??????? | ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? (1903) ???? ???? (1903) ?????? ???? (1904) ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (1911) |
| ??????? ????? | |
| ???? | ????? ??????, ????? ?????? |
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???? ???????? ?????, Maria Salomea Sk?odowska-Curie (7 ????? 1867 – 4 ????? 1934) ??? ??????-???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? "?????????? ??? ?????" ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??, ??? 1995 ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???[1]
?? ?? ??? "????? ?????? ??????????" ????? (??????) [?? ???? ?? "?????? ??? ??????"] ???? 7 ????? 1867 ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? 1891 ???? 24 ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???, ???? ?? ?? ???? ???-????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? 1903 ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? 1911 ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????
?? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????- ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????
??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? 1934 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???
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[????]????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 7 ?????, 1867 ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? (??? 1862), ?????? (1863), ???????????? (1865) ??? ?????? (1866) ???
????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? (??.??) ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? 12 ??????? ?? ???
????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???
10 ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? ???? ???? ???????
[????]1891 ?? ???? ????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ????? (??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??) ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????, ???? ???? 1891 ?? ???? ??? ????? ???, ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? '?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???
????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? 1893 ????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? 1894 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???
????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???-??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ((Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale) ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????; ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? '?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? "? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????????" (école supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris [ESPCI]).) ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ???????-??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ???? ??????-??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??, ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????, 1894 ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ???????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????.??. ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? '??, ????? ?? "?????????" ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? 1895 ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????; ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ,??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? "????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???" ????? ???????? ??? 26 ????? 1895 ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? (???) ???? ???? ??; ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???[2] ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????: ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? ??? ???-???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
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[????]???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????- ???????? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????
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[????]
????? ?? 1934 ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????, 4 ????? 1934 ???, ?? ?? ??? ????, ???-????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???, ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? '?? ??????? ??? ???
?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???-?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? (????? ?? ???? ???????? ????) ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????[3]
?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????, 1995 ????, ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????[4] ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? '?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????, 1890 ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???[5] ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???-???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? '?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????, ?? ?? ??? ?????, ?????????????, '?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? 1935 ???? ???????? ???? ???
???? ????
[????]???? 1903 ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? 1911 ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????
??? ???????
[????]2011 ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 100??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? (International Year of Chemistry) ???? ????? ????
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?????????? ????: ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? -
????? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? -
????? ??? ???? ???? 1890-91 ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? -
????? ????? -
???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? -
1903 ???? ????? ???? ???? -
1911 ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????
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[????]- Robert Reid, Marie Curie, New York, New American Library, 1974.
- Teresa Kaczorowska, Córka mazowieckich równin, czyli Maria Sk?odowska–Curie z Mazowsza (Daughter of the Mazovian Plains: Maria Sk?odowska–Curie of Mazowsze), Ciechanów, 2007.
- Wojciech A. Wierzewski, "Mazowieckie korzenie Marii" ("Maria's Mazowsze Roots"), Gwiazda Polarna (Pole Star), a Polish-American biweekly, vol. 100, no. 13 (21 June 2008), pp. 16–17.
- L. Pearce Williams, "Curie, Pierre and Marie", Encyclopedia Americana, Danbury, Connecticut?Danbury, Connecticut, Grolier, Inc., 1986, vol. 8, pp. 331–32.
- Barbara Goldsmith, Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie, New York, W.W. Norton, 2005, ISBN 0-393-05137-4.
- Naomi Pasachoff, Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity, New York, Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-19-509214-7.
- Eve Curie, Madame Curie: A Biography, translated by Vincent Sheean, Da Capo Press, 2001, ISBN 0-306-81038-7.
- Susan Quinn, Marie Curie: A Life, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1995, ISBN 0-671-67542-7.
- Fran?oise Giroud, Marie Curie: A Life, translated by Lydia Davis, Holmes & Meier, 1986, ASIN B000TOOU7Q.
- Redniss, Lauren, Radioactive, Marie & Pierre Curie: A Tale of Love and Fallout, New York, Harper Collins, 2010, ISBN 978-0-06-135132-7.
????? ????
[????]
- Out of the Shadows-A study of women physicists
- Pierre Curie and Marie Sklodowska : The First Century of Their Impact on Human Knowledge
- The official web page of Maria Curie Sk?odowska University in Lublin, Poland Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. in English.
- Detailed Biography at Science in Poland website Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.; with quotes, photographs, links etc.
- European Marie Curie Fellowships
- Marie Curie Fellowship Association Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.
- Marie Curie Cancer Care, UK
- Marie Sklodowska Curie: Her Life as a Media Compendium Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.
- Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Chronology from nobelprize.org
- Annotated bibliography of Marie Curie from the Alsos Digital Library Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.
- Obituary, New York Times, 5 July 1934 Mme. Curie Is Dead; Martyr to Science
- Some places and memories related to Marie Curie
- Marie Curie on the 500 French Franc and 20000 old Polish zloty banknotes. Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.
- 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry – Nobel committee page; presentation speech, her award lecture etc.
- ???? ????? on Nobelprize.org
?????
[????]- ↑ Marie Curie Enshrined in Pantheon, The New York Times, New York, 21 April 1995.
- ↑ les Actus DN. "Marie Curie". Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
- ↑ Denise Grady (6 October 1998), A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril Archived 10 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times; accessed 21 December 2016.
- ↑ Tasch, Barbara. "Marie Curie's Belongings Will Be Radioactive For Another 1,500 Years". Retrieved 2 July 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Estes, Adam Clark. "Marie Curie's century-old radioactive notebook still requires lead box". Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.